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import binascii
import json
from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
from jose import jwk
from jose.backends.base import Key
from jose.constants import ALGORITHMS
from jose.exceptions import JWSError, JWSSignatureError
from jose.utils import base64url_decode, base64url_encode
def sign(payload, key, headers=None, algorithm=ALGORITHMS.HS256):
"""Signs a claims set and returns a JWS string.
Args:
payload (str or dict): A string to sign
key (str or dict): The key to use for signing the claim set. Can be
individual JWK or JWK set.
headers (dict, optional): A set of headers that will be added to
the default headers. Any headers that are added as additional
headers will override the default headers.
algorithm (str, optional): The algorithm to use for signing the
the claims. Defaults to HS256.
Returns:
str: The string representation of the header, claims, and signature.
Raises:
JWSError: If there is an error signing the token.
Examples:
>>> jws.sign({'a': 'b'}, 'secret', algorithm='HS256')
'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhIjoiYiJ9.jiMyrsmD8AoHWeQgmxZ5yq8z0lXS67_QGs52AzC8Ru8'
"""
if algorithm not in ALGORITHMS.SUPPORTED:
raise JWSError("Algorithm %s not supported." % algorithm)
encoded_header = _encode_header(algorithm, additional_headers=headers)
encoded_payload = _encode_payload(payload)
signed_output = _sign_header_and_claims(encoded_header, encoded_payload, algorithm, key)
return signed_output
def verify(token, key, algorithms, verify=True):
"""Verifies a JWS string's signature.
Args:
token (str): A signed JWS to be verified.
key (str or dict): A key to attempt to verify the payload with. Can be
individual JWK or JWK set.
algorithms (str or list): Valid algorithms that should be used to verify the JWS.
Returns:
str: The str representation of the payload, assuming the signature is valid.
Raises:
JWSError: If there is an exception verifying a token.
Examples:
>>> token = 'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhIjoiYiJ9.jiMyrsmD8AoHWeQgmxZ5yq8z0lXS67_QGs52AzC8Ru8'
>>> jws.verify(token, 'secret', algorithms='HS256')
"""
header, payload, signing_input, signature = _load(token)
if verify:
_verify_signature(signing_input, header, signature, key, algorithms)
return payload
def get_unverified_header(token):
"""Returns the decoded headers without verification of any kind.
Args:
token (str): A signed JWS to decode the headers from.
Returns:
dict: The dict representation of the token headers.
Raises:
JWSError: If there is an exception decoding the token.
"""
header, claims, signing_input, signature = _load(token)
return header
def get_unverified_headers(token):
"""Returns the decoded headers without verification of any kind.
This is simply a wrapper of get_unverified_header() for backwards
compatibility.
Args:
token (str): A signed JWS to decode the headers from.
Returns:
dict: The dict representation of the token headers.
Raises:
JWSError: If there is an exception decoding the token.
"""
return get_unverified_header(token)
def get_unverified_claims(token):
"""Returns the decoded claims without verification of any kind.
Args:
token (str): A signed JWS to decode the headers from.
Returns:
str: The str representation of the token claims.
Raises:
JWSError: If there is an exception decoding the token.
"""
header, claims, signing_input, signature = _load(token)
return claims
def _encode_header(algorithm, additional_headers=None):
header = {"typ": "JWT", "alg": algorithm}
if additional_headers:
header.update(additional_headers)
json_header = json.dumps(
header,
separators=(",", ":"),
sort_keys=True,
).encode("utf-8")
return base64url_encode(json_header)
def _encode_payload(payload):
if isinstance(payload, Mapping):
try:
payload = json.dumps(
payload,
separators=(",", ":"),
).encode("utf-8")
except ValueError:
pass
return base64url_encode(payload)
def _sign_header_and_claims(encoded_header, encoded_claims, algorithm, key):
signing_input = b".".join([encoded_header, encoded_claims])
try:
if not isinstance(key, Key):
key = jwk.construct(key, algorithm)
signature = key.sign(signing_input)
except Exception as e:
raise JWSError(e)
encoded_signature = base64url_encode(signature)
encoded_string = b".".join([encoded_header, encoded_claims, encoded_signature])
return encoded_string.decode("utf-8")
def _load(jwt):
if isinstance(jwt, str):
jwt = jwt.encode("utf-8")
try:
signing_input, crypto_segment = jwt.rsplit(b".", 1)
header_segment, claims_segment = signing_input.split(b".", 1)
header_data = base64url_decode(header_segment)
except ValueError:
raise JWSError("Not enough segments")
except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
raise JWSError("Invalid header padding")
try:
header = json.loads(header_data.decode("utf-8"))
except ValueError as e:
raise JWSError("Invalid header string: %s" % e)
if not isinstance(header, Mapping):
raise JWSError("Invalid header string: must be a json object")
try:
payload = base64url_decode(claims_segment)
except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
raise JWSError("Invalid payload padding")
try:
signature = base64url_decode(crypto_segment)
except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
raise JWSError("Invalid crypto padding")
return (header, payload, signing_input, signature)
def _sig_matches_keys(keys, signing_input, signature, alg):
for key in keys:
if not isinstance(key, Key):
key = jwk.construct(key, alg)
try:
if key.verify(signing_input, signature):
return True
except Exception:
pass
return False
def _get_keys(key):
if isinstance(key, Key):
return (key,)
try:
key = json.loads(key, parse_int=str, parse_float=str)
except Exception:
pass
if isinstance(key, Mapping):
if "keys" in key:
# JWK Set per RFC 7517
return key["keys"]
elif "kty" in key:
# Individual JWK per RFC 7517
return (key,)
else:
# Some other mapping. Firebase uses just dict of kid, cert pairs
values = key.values()
if values:
return values
return (key,)
# Iterable but not text or mapping => list- or tuple-like
elif isinstance(key, Iterable) and not (isinstance(key, str) or isinstance(key, bytes)):
return key
# Scalar value, wrap in tuple.
else:
return (key,)
def _verify_signature(signing_input, header, signature, key="", algorithms=None):
alg = header.get("alg")
if not alg:
raise JWSError("No algorithm was specified in the JWS header.")
if algorithms is not None and alg not in algorithms:
raise JWSError("The specified alg value is not allowed")
keys = _get_keys(key)
try:
if not _sig_matches_keys(keys, signing_input, signature, alg):
raise JWSSignatureError()
except JWSSignatureError:
raise JWSError("Signature verification failed.")
except JWSError:
raise JWSError("Invalid or unsupported algorithm: %s" % alg)